| Base Material | Material | 42CrMo Alloy Steel (Equivalent to AISI 4140/4142, DIN 1.7225) |
| | Pre-Machining State | Typically supplied as annealed/hot-rolled round bar for optimal machinability. |
| Heat Treatment | Process | Quench and Temper (Through-Hardening). |
| | Core Hardness | Customizable. Common ranges: 28-32 HRC: High strength with good toughness. 35-40 HRC: Higher wear resistance. (Specify target value). |
| | Case Hardness | Generally same as core (through-hardened). Induction hardening for specific surface areas can be specified separately. |
| | Resultant Properties | High tensile strength (e.g., 900-1200 MPa+), good fatigue strength, and impact resistance. |
| Surface Treatment | Process | Black Oxide (Hot Blackening) per AMS 2485 or similar. |
| | Coating Properties | Provides a black, matte finish. Offers mild corrosion resistance, absorbs oil to improve lubricity, and reduces light reflection. Not a plating; minimal dimensional change. |
| | Coating Thickness | Very thin, typically 0.5-1.5 µm. |
| Component Geometry | Type | Long Shafts, Axles, Piston Rods, Rotary Pins. |
| | Key Features | Steps, diameters, keyways (to DIN 6885/ISO 773), splines (to DIN 5480/ANSI B92.1), threads (metric/Unified), grooves, flats, drilled cross-holes. |
| Dimensions & Precision | Diameter Range | Ø10 mm to Ø150 mm (machinable). |
| | Length-to-Diameter Ratio | Capable of machining long shafts; L/D ratios up to 20:1 or more with proper support and process control. |
| | As-Machined Tolerance | Before heat treat: ±0.05 mm on diameters. Critical journals/bearing fits may be machined oversize to allow for final grinding post-HT. |
| | Post-HT & Grinding Tolerance | If ground after heat treatment: ±0.01 mm achievable on critical diameters. |
| | Straightness | Critical for long shafts. Can be controlled and specified (e.g., < 0.1 mm per 500 mm). |
| Manufacturing Process | Sequence | 1. CNC Turning/Milling (Annealed State) → 2. Heat Treatment (Quench & Temper) → 3. (Optional) Straightening/Centerless Grinding → 4. Black Oxide Treatment. |
| Quality Assurance | Inspection | Dimensional inspection pre & post-HT. Hardness testing (Rockwell C). Visual inspection of black oxide coating. |
| | Documentation | Material Certification (Chemical & Mechanical), Heat Treat Certificate (Process & Hardness), Dimensional Inspection Report. |
| | Traceability | Full traceability of material and processing steps maintained. |