1. Material Composition
Grade | UNS Designation | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Mo | Other |
TP321 | S32100 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 1 | 17.0–19.0 | 9.0–12.0 | ... | ... |
2. Mechanical Properties
3. Manufacturing & Heat Treatment
Produced via seamless processes (hot extrusion, rotary piercing).
Solution Annealed: Heated to 1040–1120°C followed by rapid cooling to dissolve carbides and optimize corrosion resistance.
4. Applications
Operate in steam boilers at 450–700°C, where TP321 resists oxidation and creep deformation.
Titanium stabilization prevents intergranular corrosion during cyclic heating/cooling.
Withstand high-pressure steam (up to 925°C continuous) in coal-fired, nuclear, or biomass plants.
Exposed to 800–950°C hydrocarbon streams; TP321 handles thermal cycling and carburization.
Resists sulfidation and chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in hydrogen-rich environments.
Used in sour gas or acidic media due to resistance to pitting and general corrosion.
5. Testing & Compliance
Mandatory Tests: Hydrostatic/nondestructive testing, mechanical tests (tensile, hardness), flattening, flaring, and reverse-flange tests.
Certification: Complies with ASME Section II (Materials) and Section I/VIII (Construction). Markings include standard, grade, size, and heat number.
6. Advantages Over Similar Grades
Superior to TP304/304L in high-temperature applications due to titanium stabilization, preventing sensitization.
Unlike TP347 (niobium-stabilized), TP321 offers better weldability and resistance to oxidation in certain conditions.