Both types belong to high-chromium-nickel austenitic heat-resistant stainless steels, known as "anti-oxidation pioneers" specially designed for high-temperature oxidation environments. Their core differences lie in alloy content and temperature resistance: 309S is the "cost-effective choice for medium to high temperatures", while 310S is the "king of extreme high-temperature oxidation resistance".
- 309S (0Cr23Ni13): Contains 23% chromium and 13% nickel, with a recommended oxidation resistance temperature of ≤980°C. Its heat resistance is superior to 304 but inferior to 310S, and it has poor sulfidation resistance (prone to damage in sulfur-containing atmospheres). It is commonly used for medium to high-temperature components such as inner covers of continuous annealing furnaces, heat exchangers, and automotive exhaust manifolds.
- 310S (0Cr25Ni20): Contains 25% chromium and 20% nickel, with an oxidation resistance temperature of up to 1150°C, making it the "heat resistance ceiling" among austenitic stainless steels. It forms a dense oxide film at high temperatures and exhibits excellent creep resistance. It is mainly used in extreme high-temperature equipment such as muffle cans for heat treatment furnaces, boiler superheaters, and high-temperature thermocouple protection tubes.