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Myopia Progression Prevention (Preventing Nearsightedness)

What is Myopia?

Myopia is also called near-sightedness. It means a person can see close objects well but cannot see clearly things in the distance without glasses or contact lenses. How far away a person can see without glasses depends on how severe the myopia is. Nearsightedness is common. About 30% of all people have myopia. It usually starts during the school-age years.

What causes myopia?

Doctors are not sure what causes myopia. It is often hereditary. Some research has shown prolonged reading or near work and reduced amounts of outdoor time are associated with myopia.

Can myopia be prevented?

There is no way at this time to prevent myopia, but recent studies have shown there may be ways to slow its progression. Wearing glasses does not seem to affect the myopia or its development.

1. Increase daylight exposure
2. Reduce prolonged intense periods of near work
3. Use diluted atropine eyedrops: Atropine 0.01% slows myopia progression by at least 50%. Atropine in higher concentrations also slows progression but also can cause pupil dilation, light sensitivity, and blurred vision. Atropine 0.01% solution causes minimal pupil dilation, no light sensitivity, and no near visual loss compared with higher doses. The treatment time period in published studies was 2-3 years, but it may require longer period of time since the eyes are still growing through the teenage years. Make sure to use atropine under a doctor’s guidance.
4. Orthokeratology (OrthoK): Wearing reverse geometry contact lenses overnight temporarily flattens the cornea and provides clear vision during the day without glasses or contact lenses. Reduction in myopia (up to −6 D) can be achieved, but it is not clear whether the effect is sustained after stopping the OrthoK. A few studies have shown permanent changes consistent with reduced myopia. Unfortunately, sleeping in contact lenses increases the risk of bacterial corneal infection which can be very serious and cause scarring and permanent visual impairment.