Applications of Refractory Magnesia Bricks Steel Industry: Converter: The primary material for furnace linings, especially in areas susceptible to alkaline slag attack. Electric Furnace: Hot spots on the furnace walls and floor. Ladle: Lining of refining ladles, especially the slag line, used in refining processes such as LF and VOD furnaces. Open Hearth: Back walls and floor. External Refining Furnace: Lining of AOD and RH furnaces. Non-Ferrous Metal Smelting: Furnaces used for smelting metals such as copper, nickel, lead, and zinc, where slag is typically alkaline. Examples include the side and end walls of reverberatory furnaces, flash furnaces, and Noranda furnaces. Cement Industry: Rotary Kilns: Primarily used in the firing zone. This zone experiences the highest temperatures, and cement clinker is highly alkaline, making magnesia bricks a perfect match for these process requirements. Magnesia-chrome bricks are often used (a composite product of magnesia bricks and chromite), but their core strength remains the alkali resistance of magnesium oxide. Glass Industry: Used as regenerator lattices in glass melting furnaces to resist corrosion from high temperatures and alkaline volatiles. Lime Industry: High-temperature linings in vertical and rotary lime kilns.