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The fuel injector nozzle is critical to the performance and emissions of diesel engines. Some

of the important injector nozzle parameters-including details of the injector seat, the

injector sac and nozzle hole size and geometry-affect the combustion characteristics of the

diesel engine, as well as the stability of the emissions and performance over the lifetime of

the engine and the mechanical durability of the injector.
Common rail-nozzle operates under more demanding tribological conditions and must be better

designed to prevent leakage.

Diesel Fuel Injector Nozzles Introduction
Design of the diesel fuel injector nozzle is critical to the performance and emissions of

modern diesel engines. Some of the important injector nozzle design parameters include

details of the injector seat, the injector sac and nozzle hole size and shape. These features

not only affect the combustion characteristics of the diesel engine, they can also affect the

stability of the emissions and performance over the lifetime of the engine and the mechanical

durability of the injector.
All nozzles must produce a fuel spray that meets the requirements of the performance and

emissions goals of the market for which the engine is produced regardless of details of the

fuel system design (i.e., regardless if the fuel system is of the common rail, unit injector,

unit pump or pump-line-nozzle type). Additionally, specific requirements for injection

nozzles can also depend on the fuel system type :
• Common rail-nozzle operates under more demanding tribological conditions and must be

better designed to prevent leakage.
• Unit injector/unit pump-pressure pulsing conditions create more demanding fatigue

strength requirements.
• Pump-line-nozzle-hydraulic dead volume must be minimized.