Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC) Core Functions & Classification
Biological Safety Cabinets provide triple containment (operator/sample/environment) via HEPA filtration systems and negative-pressure engineering. Primary classifications per international standards:
- Class I: Basic operator & environmental protection; suitable for low-risk agents (e.g., bacterial cultures)
- Class II (Most Common):
- Type A2: 70% air recirculation + 30% exhaust; for microbiological work/pathogenic agents
- Type B2: 100% hard-ducted exhaust; for bioassays with volatile chemicals/radionuclides
- Class III: Totally enclosed; for high-risk pathogens (e.g., Ebola virus)
Standard Operating Protocols
- Start-up:
- Raise sash to marked height; pre-run ≥10 mins for airflow stabilization
- Arrange equipment sequentially: clean zone → work zone → contaminated zone
- Operations:
- Insert arms slowly; pause 1 min for airflow recovery
- Avoid obstructing grilles; segregate items by "dry→wet" and "clean→contaminated"
- Shutdown:
- Remove materials → disinfect interior surfaces → run 3 mins to purge particulates
- Close sash → deactivate blower/lights → initiate UV sterilization ≥30 mins
️ Critical Compliance Notes
- Prohibited Uses:
- Never handle explosives or strong volatile acids (exceeds HEPA capacity)
- BSCs ≠ Laminar Flow Hoods (latter lack operator protection)
- Maintenance Requirements:
- Monthly airflow verification (Type A2 inflow velocity ≥0.50 m/s)
- HEPA filter replacement every 1–2 years + mandatory KI-Discus leak testing (sodium iodide aerosol challenge)