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Can manganese be extracted by electrolysis?

​​Yes, absolutely.​​ Electrolysis is the primary and most important method for producing high-purity manganese metal, as described above.

The process is specifically called ​​Electrowinning​​. Here’s a simplified step-by-step overview of how it works:

1. 1.​​Ore Preparation:​​ Manganese ore (primarily MnO₂, pyrolusite) is crushed and ground.
2. 2.​​Leaching:​​ The ore is leached with sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and a reducing agent (often a fuel like coal or natural gas). This reduction converts the Mn⁴⁺ in MnO₂ to soluble Mn²⁺, creating a manganese sulfate (MnSO₄) solution.
   • •Reaction: 2MnO₂ + 2H₂SO₄ -> 2MnSO₄ + O₂ + 2H₂O (with heat and a reductant)
3. 3.​​Purification:​​ The impure MnSO₄ solution is treated to precipitate and remove harmful metallic impurities like iron, copper, nickel, and cobalt. This step is critical, as even tiny amounts of these elements would contaminate the final product and lower its grade.
4. 4.​​Electrolysis (Electrowinning):​​ The purified MnSO₄ solution is pumped into electrolytic cells. The cells have an inert lead alloy anode and a stainless steel cathode.
   • •At the ​​anode (+),​​ water is oxidized, producing oxygen gas: 2H₂O -> O₂ + 4H⁺ + 4e⁻
   • •At the ​​cathode (-),​​ Mn²⁺ ions are reduced and deposited as solid metal: Mn²⁺ + 2e⁻ -> Mn
5. 5.​​Harvesting:​​ After a deposition period (typically 24 hours), the cathode is removed, and the thin, brittle sheet of high-purity manganese metal is stripped off and broken into the familiar ​​manganese metal flakes​​.

This method is efficient for producing the high-grade material required by modern industry and is responsible for the vast majority of pure manganese metal production worldwide.

Electrolytic manganese metal flakes specifications

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