| Part | Common Materials | Why? |
|---|---|---|
| Bottle Body | Plastic (PET, PP), Glass | Durability, aesthetics |
| Piston | PP, PE, Silicone | Smooth movement, airtight seal |
| Pump Head | ABS Plastic, Metal (for premium) | Sturdy, leak-proof |
Refillable Airless Systems – Eco-friendly designs with replaceable inner cartridges.
Smart Airless Bottles – Embedded sensors to track usage (e.g., L’Oréal’s UV Sense).
Transparent Airless Bottles – Lets users see product levels (challenging due to piston design).
| Feature | Airless Bottle | Standard Pump/Jar |
|---|---|---|
| Air Exposure | None | Yes (oxidation risk) |
| Product Waste | Minimal (0% left) | Up to 20% leftover |
| Cost | Higher | Lower |
| Preservative Need | Reduced | Required |

