A method of connecting two or more parts by using axial force to thicken the rivets in the rivet holes of the parts and form a nail head.

Riveting dates back to 3000 BC, with the earliest discoveries originating in Egypt for wooden tool manufacturing. Later, wood rivets were used for fastening, including by Vikings in the 7th-8th centuries AD for shipbuilding. The development of the steel industry in the early 19th century solved the cracking issues of wood rivets, making structures stronger even with thick materials. While other joining technologies have developed, riveting remains widely used in aviation, aerospace, marine, vehicles, air conditioning, furniture, and more.

Solid round head rivets represent one of the oldest and most reliable fastening forms, dating to the Bronze Age. They consist of a shaft and head, riveted by hammer, rivet gun, or press fitting.

Rivets are essential for high-reliability applications like aircraft and have been used historically in medieval armor, jewelry, and metal decorations. While high-strength structural steel rivets have been largely replaced by bolts due to easier installation, they remain important in many applications.

Riveting uses deformation or interference to connect parts. Common types include:

• Semi-circular head rivets
• Flat head rivets
• Countersunk head rivets
• Semi-hollow rivets
• Solid rivets
• Sub-mother rivets
• Step rivets

Round head rivets are ideal for applications with larger lateral loads.

Flat cone head rivets offer corrosion resistance for ship hulls and boiler tanks.

Countersunk head rivets provide smooth surfaces for low-load applications.

Flat head rivets are suitable for general load applications.

Application industries of copper parts:

1. Construction industry: Used for external decoration and building materials like copper roofs and curtain walls, offering beauty and wear resistance.
2. Automobile industry: Used in electrical systems, braking systems, and engine radiators for excellent thermal conductivity.
3. Aerospace industry: Used in engines and hydraulic systems requiring high strength, low weight, heat and corrosion resistance.
4. Electronic industry: Widely used in wires, cables, circuit boards, and power supplies.
5. Heavy industry: Used in refining and smelting for high-temperature, high-pressure equipment like containers, pipes, and valves.

Basic knowledge: Stainless steel is a corrosion-resistant alloy of iron, chromium, and nickel, offering durability and aesthetics.

Maintenance methods:

• Cleaning: Use mild detergents and soft cloths; avoid acidic/alkaline cleaners. Rinse and dry thoroughly.
• Stain removal: Use specialized stainless steel cleaners or common options like alcohol/vinegar for stubborn stains.